Will a resin-repaired windshield rock chip pass annual vehicle inspection?

In almost all cases, yes, a professionally repaired chip will pass inspection.
It is completely normal for a resin repair to leave a faint scar or outline. The resin's job is to stop the crack from spreading and restore the strength of the glass, not to make the chip invisible. Inspectors see these repairs all the time and know exactly what they look like.
When checking a windshield, inspectors are primarily looking for two things: open cracks that could spread, and rough damage that will tear the wiper blades. Because your glass shop got the surface smooth, your wipers will glide right over it, which clears a major inspection hurdle.

The only time a repaired chip becomes an issue is if it sits directly in the driver's primary line of sight—usually defined as the area swept by the driver's side wiper blade—and the remaining scar is large enough to actually distort your vision. But if it is just a small, faint mark from a star chip, it will usually pass even in that area.

There is no need to point the repair out to the inspector. Just take the car in as usual.

Yes, a smoothed-out resin repair will almost always pass RTA or Tasjeel inspections. The only time they fail it is if the faint scar sits directly in the driver's line of sight and catches the sun glare. Just take it in for the test; if they do reject it, you still get 30 days to replace the glass and retest.